Infertility can be a complex and challenging issue for many individuals and couples. It's defined as the inability to conceive a child after at least one year of unprotected intercourse or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term. There are various causes of infertility, including issues with ovulation, sperm production or function, fallopian tube blockage, endometriosis, uterine or cervical abnormalities, and genetic factors.

Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and can include medications to stimulate ovulation, surgery to correct anatomical issues, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or donor egg or sperm.