Menopause refers to the natural biological process in women when menstruation ceases permanently, marking the end of the reproductive years. It typically occurs in women around their late 40s to early 50s, although the exact age can vary. Menopause is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period.

During menopause, the ovaries gradually decrease hormone production, particularly estrogen and progesterone, leading to various symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and changes in libido. These symptoms can vary widely in severity among women.