Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique used to perform operations through small incisions (usually 0.5 to 1.5 cm) using specialized instruments and a camera called a laparoscope.

The laparoscope is inserted into the body through one of the small incisions, providing the surgeon with a magnified view of the inside of the body on a monitor. Other instruments are then inserted through additional small incisions to perform the surgery.

This technique offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including

Reduced trauma to surrounding tissues: Because the incisions are smaller, there is less damage to muscles, blood vessels, and other tissues, leading to less pain and a quicker recovery time.

Reduced risk of infection: Smaller incisions mean less exposure of internal organs to potential sources of infection.

Shorter hospital stays: Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery typically spend less time in the hospital compared to those undergoing open surgery.

Faster recovery: Patients generally recover more quickly and can return to normal activities sooner after laparoscopic surgery.

Laparoscopic surgery is used for a wide range of procedures, including gallbladder removal, appendectomy, hernia repair, and various gynecological and urological surgeries. However, not all surgeries can be performed laparoscopically, and the suitability of this approach depends on factors such as the patient's condition and the complexity of the procedure.